This thesis reports studies on the substrate specificity of crucial ketosynthase (KS) domains from trans-AT Polyketide Synthases (PKSs). Using a combination of electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and simple N-acetyl cysteamine (SNAC) substrate mimics, the specificity of a range of KS domains from the bacillaene and psymberin PKSs have been succsessfully studied with regard to the initial acylation step of KS-catalysis.
In addition, the ability to alter the substrate tolerance of KS domains by simple point mutations in the active site has been demonstrated. A series of acyl-ACPs have been synthesised using a novel methodology and employed to probe the substrate specificity of both KS domains and the previously uncharcterised acyl hydrolase domain, PedC.
KS-catalysed chain elongation reactions have also been conducted and monitored by ESI-MS/MS. All KS domains studied exhibited higher substrate specificity at the elongation step than in the preceeding acylation step. Furthermore, a mechanism of reversible acylation is proposed using the PsyA ACP1-KS1 di-domain. The findings in this thesis provide important insights into mechanisms of KS specificity and show that mutagenesis can be used to expand the repertoire of acceptable substrates for future PKS engineering.
Introduction.- Materials and Methods.- Substrate Specificity of Ketosynthase Domains Part I: β-Branched Acyl Chains.- Substrate Specificity of Ketosynthase Domains Part II: Amino Acid-Containing Acyl Chains.- Synthesis of Acyl-Acyl Carrier Proteins and their use in Studying Polyketide Synthase Enzymology.- Substrate Specificity of Ketosynthase Domains Part III: Elongation-Based Substrate Specificity. Matthew Jenner graduated with a BSc (Hons) in Biochemistry from the University of Nottingham in 2010. He conducted the work presented in this Thesis under the supervision of Dr. Neil Oldham following a fruitful final year undergraduate project, and obtained a DPhil in Chemistry in 2015 from the University of Nottingham. He is currently conducting postdoctoral research at the University of Warwick with Prof. Greg Challis.
This thesis reports studies on the
substrate specificity of crucial ketosynthase (KS) domains from trans-AT
Polyketide Synthases (PKSs). Using a combination of electrospray
ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and simple N-acetyl cysteamine (SNAC)
substrate mimics, Matthew Jenner has successfully studied the specificity of a
range of KS domains from the bacillaene and psymberin PKSs with regard to the
initial acylation step of KS-catalysis. The findings in this thesis provide
important insights into mechanisms of KS specificity and show that mutagenesis can
be used to expand the repertoire of acceptable substrates for future PKS
engineering. The documentation of this research is a useful reference and
guideline for students starting a PhD in this field.
Nominated as an Outstanding Ph.D. thesis by the University of Nottingham
